Fear and Loathing

Originally published in the Informanté newspaper on Thursday, 16 June, 2016.


“Fear leads to anger. Angers leads to hate. Hate leads to suffering.” And while it might have been Yoda from Star Wars who said these words, over this weekend, we were treated to the horrific aftermath that it implies. With 50 dead, and 53 injured, it was the worst terrorist attack in the United States since the attack on the World Trade Centre in 2001.

When it was revealed that the attacker was of the Islamic faith, once again fearful cries were heard about how this could happen when Islam is supposedly a “religion of peace.” And yet Islam is not the only religion who has had its atrocities. In 1939, a man who wrote in his book Mein Kampf, “Hence today I believe that I am acting in accordance with the will of the Almighty Creator: by defending myself against the Jew, I am fighting for the work of the Lord,“ initiated his own Final Solution. And the Crusades certainly need no introduction either.

All religions claim to be religions of peace, and condemns killing, from the famous line of the Torah, in Exodus 20:13 – “Thou shalt not kill,” to the words of Jesus, in Matthew 5:21-22 – “You have heard that it was said to those of old, ‘You shall not murder; and whoever murders will be liable to judgment.’  But I say to you that everyone who is angry with his brother will be liable to judgment; whoever insults his brother will be liable to the council; and whoever says, ‘You fool!’ will be liable to the hell of fire,” and the Qur'an 5:32 – “If anyone slays a person, it would be as if he slew the whole people: and if any one saved a life, it would be as if he saved the life of the whole people.”

Even those atheists who subscribe to a set life stance, such as Humanism, agree that people should live and make their ethical decisions based on reason, empathy, and a concern for human beings and other sentient animals. But not all those who do not believe subscribe to the same ethical principles – after all, atheism is simply a statement of what one does not believe, not what one does. And the non-religious also have their atrocities – under the rule of Mao Zedong, an atheist, he managed to cause the death of an estimated 78 million Chinese. 

Religion, it seems, is simply but an excuse that is used to justify killing. And mankind has killed one another for quite a long time indeed, as I elaborated upon in last year’s Theory of Interest, “War Never Changes.” But except for isolated instances, mankind does not wantonly kill each other. When we do, it usually starts with fear. Fear of those different, who do things differently from what we do. Fear of the unknown, and the other. And it is usually coupled with a sense of moral certainty and pride in ourselves and our ways, whether that is centred on the personal, the nation, or the religious faith.

And it is through those avenues that humanity finds a way to kill its fellow humans – by dehumanizing them. “They are different, and therefore less than us.” The fear leads to anger. “Why should those less than us have privileges we deserve?” Which leads to hate. “They should be cleansed from this Earth to make our society pure again!” And that leads to untold suffering. 

HL Mencken said, “Moral certainty is always a sign of cultural inferiority. The more uncivilized the man, the surer he is that he knows precisely what is right and what is wrong. […] The truly civilized man is always sceptical and tolerant, in this field as in all others. His culture is based on ‘I am not too sure.’” Science has always been based on the assumption that discoveries can only be accepted as true as long as no evidence against it has been found. As soon as such evidence is found and verified, science no longer considers it true. It is why, after all the evidence in favour of it, the Theory of Gravity and the Theory of Evolution are still just theories. 

In the end, when you think about it, all you can really be sure of is your existence. “I think, therefore I am.” I think I’m sitting at my desk, typing, but for all I know I could be in a padded cell, yelling at the wall “Why can’t we all just get along?!?” So whenever you consider a certain fact or action wrong or right with absolute certainty, beware. You are exhibiting the same signs that could be used to ‘radicalize’ you. You are exhibiting signs that could lead you down untold suffering.

Try instead to develop a tolerance for those different from you. As per UNESCO’s declaration, tolerance is respect, acceptance and appreciation of the rich diversity of our world's cultures, our forms of expression and ways of being human. It is fostered by knowledge, openness, communication, and freedom of thought, conscience and belief. Tolerance is harmony in difference. It is not only a moral duty, it is also a political and legal requirement. Tolerance, the virtue that makes peace possible, contributes to the replacement of the culture of war by a culture of peace. Tolerance is not concession, condescension or indulgence. Tolerance is, above all, an active attitude prompted by recognition of the universal human rights and fundamental freedoms of others. In no circumstance can it be used to justify infringements of these fundamental values.

Which bring us back to the terrible events that occurred in the United States over the weekend. It reflected a moral certainty that those of a different religion and of a different sexual orientation were not to be tolerated, and were justifiably allowed to be killed. Namibia, I felt assured, would not foster that kind of culture. After all, in the preamble to our constitution, we claim “recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is indispensable for freedom, justice and peace,” and that these rights include “the right of the individual to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, regardless of race, colour, ethnic origin, sex, religion, creed or social or economic status.” And then I saw the map indicating countries with laws intolerant of sexual orientation.


Why have we, a country that has “finally emerged victorious in our struggle against colonialism, racism and apartheid,” and has a desire to “promote amongst all of us the dignity of the individual and the unity and integrity of the Namibian nation,” by striving “to achieve national reconciliation and to foster peace, unity and a common loyalty,” decided that we will institute a new apartheid against some of our citizens? Why have we decided to strip them of their protection against discrimination by removing sexual orientation as a ground for non-discrimination from the 2007 Labour Act? Why, when so many of our citizens still remember the discrimination they suffered prior to Independence?

We, too, are sowing the seeds of discontent in our nation. Maybe it is time we take the lessons learned in blood by the world at large to heart, and start trying to make sure we become the country that wants to secure for “all our citizens justice, liberty, equality and fraternity.”

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